A year ago we huddled indoors afraid for our future, traumatized by scenes of European and American hospitals overrun with critically ill patients. We prayed that vaccine development could somehow be compressed from a five-year development timeline to be ready much earlier to protect us from overwhelming waves of infection.

It was our best hope.

The carnage of the 1918-19 Spanish Flu was what we might be facing if vaccines couldn’t be developed in a timely fashion. They were likely going to save millions of lives and save our economy.

I dislike most things about Donald Trump and welcome the stability that his successor has brought, even if I don’t agree with his every policy, but Trump does deserve credit for Operation Warp Speed.

The program was officially announced one year ago on May 15, 2020 as a partnership between the U.S. government and private industry to rapidly accelerate development and roll out of vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics. Moncef Slaoui, the former head of vaccine development at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), was recruited to lead the effort.

The goal was to promote many different vaccine technologies simultaneously with aggressive funding and rapid but safe approval. The hope was that this would compress timelines and produce at least one if not multiple safe and effective vaccines. The funding of multiple options would be more costly but ideally lead to much earlier success. Canada had no such plan nor the facilities needed for vaccine production.

A number of pharma companies were beneficiaries, each with plans to produce vaccines using different technologies, some adapted from previous successful vaccines and others more novel. A total of $18 billion was awarded for early clinical vaccine trials and accelerated manufacturing.

Moderna received an additional $1.53 billion to bring total investment to $2.48 billion. Johnson & Johnson in collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutical similarly received a total of $1.456 billion. As well Novavax received $1.6 billion, Sanofi with SKF $2.1 billion. Oxford University developed a viral vector vaccine with the support of research foundations and government grants and then partnered with AstraZeneca who received $1.2 billion in Warp Speed funding.

Pfizer elected not to accept government funds for research and development, so as not to be constrained by bureaucracy and reporting requirements. They did receive $2 billion to secure 100 million doses for the U.S. if the vaccine was effective. Their partner BioNTech received $445 million from the German government.

The miraculous result of this partnership is that five highly effective vaccines rolled out in less than a year.

While the primary intent was vaccine nationalism and guaranteed early U.S. access, the vaccine development and licensed production facilitated by Operation Warp Speed has already saved millions of lives worldwide. However that is not yet nearly enough.

The Trump administration failed to work collaboratively with state and federal governments to organize, supply and fund the infrastructure desperately needed to get shots in arms quickly and efficiently. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau will somehow likely overcome even worse failures.

Countries that had early vaccine procurement such as Israel, the U.K. and the U.S. are seeing dramatic reduction in new cases and deaths. Brazil, other Latin American countries and India continue to show the tragedy of the combination of poverty, ineffective leadership and limited vaccine access.

When the power of vaccination is so obvious and crucial to saving lives, why do so many people have warped thinking about its benefits? Vaccine hesitancy is being fuelled by a vocal minority willing to distort the truth with outright lies and misrepresentation of facts.

All therapies have some risk. The true risks of vaccination are very small, but when a death occurs in a healthy person due to a fatal blood clot it is both tragic and frightening. It is real but fortunately relatively rare. Anxiety can be greatly reduced by a simple blood test showing that your blood platelet count is normal and not low due to their consumption by a rare allergic type reaction to the vaccine. While this test is simple and readily available it has not been universally recommended perhaps for fear of swamping health care. This may need to change as vaccine hesitancy for viral vector vaccines increases because of both the small risk and poor messaging. We need to clarify the true risk and use readily available ways of making an early diagnosis to prevent serious harm.

There has been concern raised about associating with vaccinated people because the vaccine could shed spike protein antigen to a nearby unvaccinated person. Of course this is impossible. One school in Florida has informed its teachers that those vaccinated will not be allowed to teach, since vaccinated teachers could cause stillborn children in unvaccinated mothers who may be nearby. Lies that are repeated often enough and shared on social media are often believed by skeptics of vaccination.

Anti-vaxxers also argue that there is no need for vaccines if only simple, highly effective and available medicines were routinely used. The use of ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine is being touted as a suppressed life-saving treatment better than vaccines despite their lack of proven benefit in properly conducted trials. The argument is that these drugs if used more frequently would make these dangerous experimental vaccinations unnecessary. Randomized trials have shown at best mild benefit early in disease or to those mildly affected. They clearly are not an alternative to vaccination.

As a result of the extreme anti-vaccine sentiment held by anti-vaxxers and politicized Republicans, Canada may end up eventually vaccinating a higher percentage of our population than the U.S. and ultimately reaching a higher level of herd immunity.

Fans of Star Trek remember Captain Kirk telling Mr. Sulu to engage warp drive to travel faster than the speed of light and escape threats to their vessel. This speed would be achieved with the incredible power created by the collision of matter and antimatter. While Einstein’s theory of relativity indicates that the speed of light can not be exceeded, scientists now believe it may be possible to achieve warp speed by compressing space in the direction of travel while still travelling at the speed of light.

While achieving warp speed may yet not be possible it seems harder to convince people with warped thinking to see the light at any speed.

Canadian governments invest a lot of money in higher education.

In 2015, they invested 1.2 percent of GDP, or $30 billion. In that same year, there were over 33,000 tenured or tenure-track professors in Canada who earned on average $140,000, placing them in the 96th percentile of income.

These are just some of many statistics that demonstrate the respect that Canadian governments place in higher education and it is clearly important that they do so. Where else can society turn to expect an impartial understanding of the world around us, policy concerns and policy interventions? Where else can society turn to train future entrepreneurs, employees, thinkers, bureaucrats and politicians on which our future depends?

Equally important is the respect with which the public at large holds higher education, however, since it is with them that support for higher education ultimately rests.

As it turns out, in Canada higher education is the most respected institution included in a recent survey by Public Square and Maru/Blue and provided to The Hub. The others were government, judiciary, media, police and religious institutions and the Public Square study surveyed 1,500 Canadians, Americans and Britons on their respect for institutions, including higher education.

While a good sign, it is not exactly a ringing endorsement of higher education since only one-third of respondents reported that they had a “great deal” of respect for it. This figure is the same as for U.S. respondents. Similarly, higher education was the institution with the lowest proportion of respondents indicating “little or no” respect for it (14 percent).

At the same time, there is concern that academia, and academics in particular, are skewed to the left politically. While various studies have looked at this issue in the past, a comprehensive study including Canada, the US and the UK was recently released. The study documented a general pattern supporting this concern. It found for example that only 7 percent of Canadian professors voted on the right (Conservative or People’s Party of Canada) in the most recent federal election in 2019.

The Queen’s speech last week even laid out the U.K. government’s plan to protect freedom of speech on campus after a series of “de-platforming” incidents in the country. Among other proposals, the plan will allow people to seek compensation for losses due to infringement of speech in higher education.

It could be argued that the political affiliations of professors is not an important concern and that professors can remain impartial, independent of their political views. It can also be argued that the political views of professors will not necessarily influence the politics of their students who go on to work in government, where higher degrees are now almost universally required. While this is possible, it’s also possible that political affiliation of professors matters to the public, which is what the Public Square data suggest.

In particular, while 43 percent of people voting Liberal have “a great deal of respect” (along with 40 percent of those voting Liberal, NDP or Green) for higher education, only 26 percent of those voting Conservative do. Moreover, almost 20 percent of Conservatives have “little or no respect” for higher education compared to only 9 percent for Liberal, NDP and Green voters.

Similar patterns have been observed in a series of Gallup polls in the U.S. They show that in 2018, 48 percent of Americans had a “great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in higher education. Like in Canada though, confidence is highly partisan with only 39 percent of Republicans showing such confidence, compared to 62 percent of Democrats.

Perhaps more discouraging is that these numbers are decreasing rapidly, particularly for Republicans. Between 2015 and 2018, Republican confidence in higher education had dropped by a third, three times faster than for Democrats.

To be sure, the reasons for the difference in confidence in higher education by political affiliation are not explained in these studies. At the same time, it’s not a leap of faith to imagine that these findings could be partly explained by the political leanings of the professoriate.

If this is the case, and if the same temporal pattern exists in Canada, it could have implications for how future governments on the right see, value and fund higher education. Calls for the re-evaluation of government funding for universities are already mainstream in the U.S. and similar calls in Canada may not be far behind.

Canadian universities and governmental funding agencies would be wise to consider this in their governance and policies, perhaps even those policies relating to diversity.